Ponies are highly biased against changelings, and are likely to kill or capture one on sight, but aside from them changelings face several threats.
Griffins have been known to hunt and feed upon changelings, especially those whose eyes are sharp enough to pick out imperfections in a changeling’s disguise. Griffins tend to look down on many ponies as inferior beings, but still sentient and civil enough to interact and intermingle with. They see changelings as being no more than love sucking beasts though, and will treat them as such.
Changelings can eat and digest most organic materials, but not wood. The excessive fiber is too much for them to break down. Because of this, changelings’ natural predator is the Timber wolf, the naturally occurring construct of the forests.
Queens are specially born and raised to sustain a hive. A drone cannot become a Queen, and a hive needs a Queen in order to prosper. As such there has never been an attempt to dethrone Papi and likely won’t be. The only ones who could do such are Fabulicious, whom is allied with Papi, or one of Papi’s princesses who are not only too young to do such a thing, but are also very close to their mother. (Or mothers in the case of Vespa.)
And continue to cuddle.
Generally they are carved out of stone, the walls of which are made smooth through exposure to an acidic bile. Many worker changelings will mix their specialized saliva with crushed rock to form a smooth, concrete like substance to seal cracks.
Papi has the occasional pang of regret, old prejudices don’t die easily, but overall she is happier as she is now than how she was. On occasion she will go up to Canterlot, often with Fancy Pants, to maintain appearances and avoid suspicion at her disappearances, and to relive old times.
I don’t know much Latin, but I’d say something along the lines of Equus Mutantuus.
This depends largely on the hive, and the aesthetic sensibilities of its Queen. Most hives prefer function over flair, but there are some Queens who enjoy a little flash and pizzazz in the designs of their hives. It makes the loss of the hive that much more damaging if it is sacked.
Changelings originate from wooded areas, or at least that’s where the first lived before they stripped the land bare in their desire to remain alive and fed.
I plan on covering this further in Papi’s blog, but I’ll talk about it here.
The first changeling came about from a failed attempt to create an alicorn, before the time of Luna and Celestia. The attempt led to a conjoining of pony and parasprite in the mother of all changelings, who was VASTLY different from those around now. Most all of what makes a changeling came from rapid evolution from that point.
A male drone could hypothetically reproduce with a female pony, and a changeling egg could hypothetically be fertilized by a pony. However, the offspring would be a hybrid or even abomination, and likely a very unstable one who would be shunned by one, if not both families. Of course, this is only going off of Papi canon, and others have done hybrid characters, like Lacewing of askthemanechesterponies.